Some of the common glass bottles in daily life are colored, such as black, dark green, and dark green in common wine bottles. There are browns and greens in beer glass bottles. Do you know how these colourful glass bottles are made?
First you need to know some chemistry. In the Middle Ages, glass factories often required a large supply of silicon after they were built. This material only melts under extremely high heat, and people add lead-like materials to lower its melting point, and then add substances like lime to stabilize the glass melting. Adding metal oxide powder to the mixture while the glass is still molten creates a variety of colors. For example, cobalt can be used to produce blue glass, chromium and iron oxides can be used to produce green glass, and gold can be used to produce ruby-colored glass. When mixing gold chloride and molten glass to create redness, these artists are actually doing the work of nanotechnologists. The mixture produces tiny gold spheres that absorb and reflect sunlight and give it a deep red color.
Stained glass, which is both an art and a product of modern science, also requires considerable production technology to present them.
